What it Clause ?

CLAUSE

>Clause must be include subject and predicate

>Clause divided into 2 types:

1.      Dependent Clause

It contains both of subjects and predicate that can stand alone as a sentence.

Example:         -She is my sister

                        -She cries

2.      Independent Clause

It contains both of subjects and predicate that can’t stand alone as a sentence. It introduced by conjunction.

Example:          -He is not teacher but student.

                         - He walked into the room and sat on the sofa

·       Adjective Clause

Is a clause that usually introduced by a relative pronoun

a. Everybody likes the boy who wears white trouser

b. The bird which Mr. Rafael likes is very unique.

·       Adverbial Clause

Is a clause that has function as adverb or a clause that is put in the adverb place.

It has 3 types of adverb;

-          Adverb of time

a. I was having dinner at the restaurant when Harry came in.

b. After I had left my house, I drove my car get out from my village.

-          Adverb of place

a. I will follow you wherever you go

b.He work where his father used to work.

-          Adverb of manner

a. I can’t ride my motorcycle as Rossi rides his motorcycle

b. You can fly as high as bird flies.

·       Noun Clause

Is a clause that is made from a clause. A clause that has function as a noun

a. You know what I bring

b. You understand what my lesson tells about

Participles Paragraph

My Cousin

It was Saturday night. I got out from house with my close friend, Randy. Randy and I have same status. We are single. We decided to go to cinema that night. On the way, we saw a crowd situation. But’ there is a unique boy. The boy standing in the center is very attractive. Everybody gave applause to him even the beautiful one girl. I think everybody there knew the boy wearing costum . The amazed girl there couldn’t say anything. I am anxious of him. I tried to stop then saw him with Randy. I thought that I know who he is. Yah, he is my cousin, Danu. Danu is a dancer. He likes to dance everywhere.  I greet him and asked him to join to go to Cinema. And finally, he stopped dancing and joined with us.  We talked as long the way. Randy got silent. He didn’t talk any word. Danu tried to entertain him. He just smiled then did not say anything. Danu ate more in car. He didn’t know the food eaten by him is Randy’s.  I didn’t know what happened to him. I tried to ask him. Then suddenly he said something to me and Danu.” I am hungry, why do u eat my food more?” he asked. It made Danu laughed more and more. Danu apologized to him” Sorry Randy, I do not know. I am hungry because of dancing last time”. We laughed together. Danu promised that he would buy some foods for us after arrived in the Cinema. Randy said, “No. It will be better if   get dancing now and eat you later. hahaha”. We made a joke each other until we arrived at the place.

Participles Exercises

1. The work .................computers requires well trained personnel.
    a. involved    b. involve              c. involving          d. involves
2. ............a few thousand dollars,  he went on a tour to Europe.
    a. saved        b. he has saved       c. having saved     d. after he saves.
3. .............her mistakes, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passenger.
   a. realized     b. realizes               c. realizing             d. she has realizes
4. Being an outstanding student in our school, he has been offered a scholarship to study in Australia.
    The underlined word mean..........of our school.
    a. If he is an outstanding student.
    b. Although he is an outstanding student.
    c. When he is an outstanding student.
    d. As he is an outstanding student.
5. Having sent his letter of application,  ...........................
    a. The company was expected to get a quick reply.
    b. Bimo expected a quick reply.
    c. A quick reply was expected from the company.
    d. They expect the company to send a quick reply.
6. The ......child ran to his mother when he heard the thunder.
    a. frightened
    b. frighten
    c. frightening
    d. being frightened
7. the young man.......... by this institute are all university graduates.
    a. employ
    b. employed
    c. employing
    d. employs
8. Painted at the beginning of the 19th century,......................
    a. the museum purchased it for its collection
    b. the art critics  considered it a clasic
    c. the people couldn't understand abstract art
    d. the painting was very valuable
9. Constructed from 300 to 150 BC,................
    a. the pyramids were monumental tombs of Egyptian pharaohs.
    b. many tourist come from all over thye world to see thye world to see the pyramids.
    c. the Egyptian pharaohs were burried in the pyramids.
    d. the Egyptians buried their pharaohs in the monumental pyramids.
10. One of the persons presenting a paper at the seminar yesterday was Mr. Anggito. It means one of        the persons ...... paper yesterday was Mr. Anggito.
      a. who is presenting
      b. who presenting
      c. who presented
      d. presented

Present Participle

Present Participle is Ing-form that is used for omitting a part of sentence

Present Participle can be used in the following ways :

1.      As a part of continuous form of verb

Examples:

ü  I am working

ü  He was singing

ü  They have been walking

2.      As adjective

When we put participle before noun, it usually expresses some more permanent characteristic. It’s more like an adjective than a verb adjective

Examples:

ü  I have an interesting book

ü  My brother got an exciting trip in Australia

ü  I always tell the amusing story to my sister

ü  My father found terrifying accident

3.      After verbs of movement/position in the pattern: verb + present participle

Examples:

ü  She went shopping

ü  He lay looking up at the clouds

ü  She came running towards me

4.      A present participle can sometimes replace  relative pronoun+verb

Example

Relative Pronoun	Present Participle
ü  The student who is sitting next to me is Ritha	ü  The student sitting next to me is Ritha
ü  The student who does not need to join exam is Jack.	ü  The student not needing to join exam is Jack

5.      A present participle after special verbs

See	Listen	Feel	Watch	Find
Hear	Notice	Smell	Catch	Leave

Examples:

ü  I heard the baby crying ( I heard baby when baby was in the middle of crying)

ü  You smelt something burning ( You smelt something when it was in burning)